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What Happened Today in the Civil War?

1861

"A People's Contest"

File:MAP In the early months of 1861, every southern state secedes from the Union. Throughout the summer, Union forces enter the border states of Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and the westernmost mountainous portions of Virginia. These incursions are initially successful, but months of confused skirmishing and unexpected Confederate victories force Union troops to a standstill in Virginia and a retreat in the west. Even farther west, Confederates occupy frontier forts in Texas and New Mexico in hopes of extending the south into recently acquired territory from Mexico. By December, the Union regains most of what it had lost over the summer, but the Confederacy remains intact.
  • The Maryland Convention at Annapolis votes down secession, 53-13


1862

The Conflict Escalates

File:MAP Inconclusive skirmishing breaks out along the borders of the occupied states. The Confederacy sees success in its frontier campaign, taking large portions of modern-day Arizona and northern New Mexico. Union forces press along the entire line, meeting stiff resistance in Tennessee and northern Arkansas, and near-disaster several times in Virginia. Union forces begin landing in Louisiana and moving up the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in half. Even as the Union re-occupies the frontier states and ends the Confederacy's hopes of westward expansion, the emboldened Confederacy pushes into Kentucky and Maryland. Though initially successful, these are both beaten back. By December, the Union holds New Mexico, northeastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, southeastern Louisiana, and the easternmost counties of Virginia and North Carolina.
  • Action at West Bridge, Alabama
  • Union advance from Pittsburg Landing upon Cornith, Mississippi, beginning the Siege of Corinth (continue to May 30, 1862)
  • Skirmish near Batchelder's Creek, North Carolina
  • Engagement at Pineberry Battery, South Carolina
  • Engagement at White Point, South Carolina
  • Engagement at Willstown, South Carolina
  • Skirmish near Cumberland Gap, Tennessee
  • Union raid on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad near Bethel Station, Tennessee
  • Skirmish near Monterey, Tennessee
  • Union forces occupy Purdy, Tennessee
  • Abram Sanders Piatt is appointed Brigadier General in the Union Army
  • Union commanders reorganize the Armies of the Mississippi and Ohio


1863

The Turning Point

File:MAP The Union pushes farther into Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Tennessee. A still hopeful Confederacy launches a second invasion into Maryland and Pennsylvania, and is pushed back into Virginia. The Union gains control of the entire Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in two halves. Major activity begins to erupt in the northern counties of the deep south states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. By December, the Union controls all of the original border states, as well as a large portion of Arkansas and most of Tennessee.
  • Union expeditions from Opelousas to Chicotville and Bayou Beouf, Louisiana
  • Skirimish at Brookhaven, Mississippi
  • Engagement at Snyder's Mill(/Haynes' and Drumgould's Bluffs), Mississippi (continues to May 1, 1863)
  • Union Naval Bombardment of Grand Gulf, Mississippi
  • Skirmish at Castor River, Missouri
  • Union reconnaissance on the Chapel Hill Pike, Tennessee
  • Union scout from La Grange, Tennessee into Northern Mississippi (continues to May 1, 1863)
  • Union reconnaissance from Murfreesborough on Manchester Pike, Tennessee
  • Skirmish at Crook's Run, Virginia (Chancellorsville Campaign)
  • Skirmish Germanna Ford, Virginia (Chancellorsville Campaign)
  • Union operations at Franklin's Crossing(/Deep Run), Virginia (continues to May 2, 1863)
  • Union operations at Pollock's Mill Creek(/White Oak Run/Fitzhugh's Crossing), Virginia (continues to May 2, 1863)
  • Skirmish at Fairmont, West Virginia
  • John Stoneman begins his cavalry raid in Virginia (continues to May 7, 1863)
    • Skirmish at Kellysville, Virginia
    • Skirmish at Brandy Station, Virginia
    • Skirmish at Stevensburg, Virginia


1864

Total War

File:MAP Chaos erupts in the west as Union forces push further into Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Confederate forces push back. In the east, Union troops fight campaigns through the northern and coastal counties of Virginia, cutting off access to the Atlantic and arriving at the brink of the Confederate capital. In between, a late Union campaign through Georgia cuts the larger half of the Confederacy in half, creating three distinct Confederate zones of control.
  • James Dearing is appointed Brigadier General in the Confederate Army
  • Skirmish at the Ouachita River, Arkansas (Camden Campaign)
  • Skirmish near Saline Bottom, Arkansas (Camden Campaign)
  • Federal Districts of West Florida and Key West and the Tortugas are attached to the Defenses of New Orleans
  • Union reconnaissance from Ringgold, Georga to Tunnel Hill, Georgia
  • Skirmish at Grand Ecore, Louisiana (Red River Campaign)
  • Skirmish in the Sni Hills, Missouri
  • Union expedition from Newport Barracks, North Carolina to Swansborough, North Carolina (continue to Apeil 30, 1864)
  • Skirmish in Berry County, Tennessee


1865

"A New Birth of Freedom"

File:MAP Another Union campaign in South and North Carolina solidifies Union control along the Atlantic seaboard. The Confederate capital finally succumbs to Union pressure and the armies of Virginia surrender in early April. The Union pushes into Alabama, and within weeks, the Confederate armies in each theater surrender. Action continues in Oklahoma for another month, and unorganized pockets of resistance harass Union garrisons during a long and difficult reunification and reconstruction of the country.
  • Skirmish on the Cumberland River near Eddyville, Kentucky
  • Union expedition from Saint Louis, Missouri to receive the surrender of Confederate Brevet Brigadier General Meriwether Jeff Thompson (continues to June 11, 1865)
  • President Jefferson Davis and his entourage arrive at Yorkville, South Carolina
  • President Lincoln's funeral train arrives in [[Columbus, Ohio]