The Confederate States in the Civil War

File:Confederate counties colored.png

This map shows all allegiances claimed by the Confederate States.

Population and Demographics

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Antebellum Confederate States

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Conflict

1860

• December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes from the Union

1861

• January 11, 1861 - Alabama secedes from the Union
• August 21, 1861 - Confederate Congress passes an act authorizing the creation of Local Defense troops (See June 23, 1863)

1862

• December 10, 1862 - Kentucky is admitted as a Confederate State despite not having officially seceded from the Union

1863

• June 23, 1863 - Confederate Adjutant and Inspector General's office issued General Orders #86 outlining the regulations for their organizations
  • Units usually organized on the company and battalion level for defense of the areas in which they were raised
  • Frequently composed of employees of government arsenals, armories, bureaus, or from men detailed from regular line detached service
  • Towards the end of the war, some of these units were organized into regiments

1864

• February 17, 1864 - Confederate Congress creates Reserves - troops that did not have to serve beyond the boundaries of the state
  • Expanded conscription to include all white males between the ages of 17 and 50 years of age
  • Those under 18 and over 45 organized into the Reserves

1865

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Units from the Confederate States

Note that this list does not include all units sent by the Confederate States to the conflict, but rather the units raised by and designated as Confederate States troops. Because the Confederate States of America did not yet have a developed federal apparatus for raising troops, states often sent individual companies to fulfill a Confederate-designated unit. These units were sometimes subsequently broken up with the companies returned to their original state designations. To view lists of units sent by each individual state, use the 'search' function to the left to find the correct state or unit.

Determining a Unit's Designation

Generally, a unit's most basic designation uses the following formula:

NUMBER + STATE + BRANCH
ex. 1st Alabama Infantry
NUMBER Refers most often to the chronological order in which the unit raised	STATE State from which the unit was raised or credited, or raised by the Confederate States government	BRANCH Function of the armed services in which the unit primarily served - Infantry, Cavalry, or Heavy/Light Artillery

However, designations changed often throughout the war, sometimes the same unit being renamed several times. Units were disbanded, reformed, re-designated, consolidated, etc. so often, particularly in the Confederate armies, that distinguishing one unit from another can be incredibly confusing. Some units even preferred to include the word Volunteers in the designation, despite the rise in numbers of draftees among the ranks at the end of the war. The WotRWiki uses a more advanced formula below to designate unique units in the database; however any local unit names and aliases are recorded on the unit homepage whenever possible:

(ROMAN NUMERAL) + (NAME OR LOCATION) + (NUMBER) + STATE + (DESCRIPTOR 1) + BRANCH + UNIT SIZE + (DESCRIPTOR 2)
(ROMAN NUMERAL)	Used most often to distinguish different iterations of the same unit
(NAME OR LOCATION)	Sometimes Confederate units carried the same numerical designations while in active service
(NUMBER)	Refers most often to the chronological order in which the unit raised
STATE	State from which the unit was raised or credited, or raised by the Confederate States government
(DESCRIPTOR 1)
BRANCH	Function of the armed services in which the unit primarily served - Infantry, Cavalry, or Heavy/Light Artillery
UNIT SIZE
(DESCRIPTOR 2)

Units Raised by the Confederate States Government

Artillery

• 1st Confederate States Artillery Battery
• (Fitzgerald's) 1st Confederate States Artillery - Unit failed to complete organization
• (White's) Confederate States Horse Artillery Battery

Cavalry

REGIMENTS

• 1st Confederate States Cavalry
• 3rd Confederate States Cavalry
• 7th Confederate States Cavalry
• (Dearing's) 8th Confederate States Cavalry / (Wade's) 8th Confederate States Cavalry
• 10th Confederate States Cavalry
• 14th Confederate States Cavalry
• 15th Confederate States Cavalry
• 20th Confederate States Cavalry
• (Mead's) Confederate States Cavalry
• (Powers') Confederate States Cavalry

BATTALIONS

• 1st Confederate States (Trans-Mississippi) Cavalry Battalion
• 6th Confederate States Cavalry Battalion
• 7th Confederate States Cavalry Battalion
• (Baxter's) Confederate States Cavalry Battalion

OTHER UNITS

• 1st Confederate States (Regular) Cavalry
• (Gillum's) Confederate States Cavalry (Mounted Riflemen) - Unit failed to complete its organization

Infantry

BATTALIONS

• 1st Confederate States Infantry Battalion
• 2nd Confederate States Infantry Battalion
• 4th Confederate States Infantry Battalion
• 8th Confederate States Infantry Battalion
• (Bradford's) Confederate States Infantry Battalion
• (Brooks') Confederate States Infantry Battalion
• Confederate States (Brush) Infantry Battalion
• (Tucker's) Confederate States Infantry Battalion
  • 1st Confederate States Foreign Infantry Battalion

REGIMENTS

• 1st Confederate States Infantry
• 2nd Confederate States Infantry
• 3rd Confederate States Infantry
• 4th Confederate States Infantry
• 5th Confederate States Infantry

OTHER UNITS

• 5th Confederate States Company (C.S. Retributors)

Engineers

CONFEDERATE STATES ENGINEERS

• 1st Confederate States Engineers
• 2nd Confederate States Engineers
• 3rd Confederate States Engineers
• 4th Confederate States Engineers
  • 1st Confederate States Engineer Battalion - c. April 1865

Indian Troops

In the summer and fall of 1861, Confederate Indian Commissioner Albert Pike signed treaties of alliance with various Indian tribes in the Indian Territory. Although many tribes initially sided with the Confederacy, they later ended up as units in the Union Army's Indian Home Guard regiments.

Records from these units are often sketchy (at best) and incomplete, as units often disbanded and reformed at will. Often these new organizations took new designations or were referred to by different commanders. Similarly, the commanders are often listed as being from Oklahoma, though more research is needed as to their true state of origin.

CHEROKEE

• (Meyer's) 1st Cherokee Cavalry Battalion
• 1st Cherokee Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)
• 1st Cherokee Cavalry Squadron (Mounted Volunteers)
• 2nd Cherokee Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)
• 2nd Cherokee Cavalry (Mounted Volunteers)
  • 1st Cherokee Cavalry Battalion (Partisan Rangers)
• (Frye's/Scales') Cherokee Cavalry Battalion

CHICKASAW

• 1st Chickasaw Cavalry Battalion
• 1st Chickasaw Cavalry
• (Sheco's) Chickasaw Cavalry

CHOCTAW

• 1st Choctaw Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)
• 1st Choctaw War Cavalry
  • (Folsom's) 1st Choctaw Cavalry Battalion
• 3rd Choctaw Cavalry
  • (McCurtain's) 1st Choctaw Cavalry Battalion
• (Deneale's) Choctaw Cavalry Battalion

CREEK

• 1st Creek Cavalry
• 2nd Creek Cavalry
  • 1st Creek Cavalry Battalion
• (Kenard's) Creek Cavalry Battalion

OSAGE

• (Broke Arm's) Osage Cavalry Battalion

SEMINOLE

• 1st Seminole Cavalry Battalion

MIXED UNITS

• 1st Chickasaw and Choctaw Cavalry (Mounted Rifles)
• (Washington's) Indian Territory Cavalry Squadron

Casualties from the Confederate States

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Sources

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• Amman, William. Personnel of the Civil War. 2 volumes. New York, Thomas Yoseloff, 1961.
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• Bowman, John S. The Civil War Almanac. New York: Facts on File, 1982.
• Britton, Wiley. The Union Indian Brigade in the Civil War. Kansas City, Mo:F. Hudson Publishing, 1922.
• Crute, Joseph H., (Jr.). Units of the Confederate States Army. Midlothian, Va.: Darwinist Books, 1987.
• Confederate States of America, War Department. Army Regulations: Adopted for the Use of the Army of the Confederate States, in Accordance with Late Acts of Congress.
• Cross Reference of Local Florida Confederate Units and Their Regimental Designations. Kingsburg, Calif.: Pacific Specialties, 1971.
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• National Archives, Record Group 109
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• Tancig, W.J. Confederate Military Land Units, 1861-1865. South Brunswick, N.C.:T. Yoseloff, 1967.
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• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
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• Wise, Jennings Cropper. The Long Arm of Lee: The History of the Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lynchburg, Virginia: J.P. Bell Co., 1915.
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