South Carolina in the Civil War
South Carolina - Union and Confederate
Contents
Population and Demographics
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Antebellum South Carolina
The Nullification Crisis of 1832
South Carolina's rebellious ambitions began long before the outbreak of the Civil War. After the discovery of a conspiracy for a slave uprising, led by a freed slave named Denmark Vesey, the state legislature passed a Negro Seaman Act. This act prohibited northern (and foreign) black sailors from interacting with people in South Carolina ports. Supreme Court Justice William Johnson declared the law in violation of international treaties and unconstitutional besides, though his ruling was not enforced by the state.
In protest against federal tariff laws of 1828 and 1832 that favored the Northern economy, a South Carolina state convention passed the Ordinance of Nullification on November 24, 1832. This ordinance declared the tariff laws were unconstitutional, null, and not to be enforced within the sovereign State of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. The Nullification Crisis, as it came to be called, came to an end as quickly as it started.
President Andrew Jackson, a South Carolinian by birth, issued a Proclamation to the People of South Carolina condemning the convention's actions and calling on the people to resist the violation of the nation's constitution. At his urging, Congress enacted the "Force Bill" on March 2, 1833 to expand presidential power to enforce the collection of tariffs with the United States military. This threat of force, coupled with aggressive negotiation in Congress, forced the South Carolina convention to reconvene and repeal the Ordinance of Nullification on March 11. As a final act of defiance, the convention also voted to nullify the Force Bill in a "purely symbolic gesture."
Senator Brooks
After the Nullification Crisis, anti-abolitionist sentiment ran strong in South Carolina. In 1856, Democratic South Carolina congressman Preston Brooks entered the United States Senate chamber and beat Massachusetts Republican Senator Charles Sumner with a metal-tipped cane in retaliation for a speech he gave attacking slavery and insulting South Carolinians. Senator Sumner was beaten badly enough that the he was unable to serve for several months. Senator Brooks resigned his seat but received a hero's welcome on returning home, and was promptly re-elected to fill his own seat. Southern sympathizers and well-wishers sent him new canes.
Conflict
- December 20, 1860-April 14, 1861 -
Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
- December 20, 1860 -
Adoption of Secession Ordinance
- December 26, 1860 -
Evacuation of Fort Moultrie and Occupation of Fort Sumter, South Carolina
- December 27, 1860 -
Seizure of Castle Pinckney, South Carolina
- December 27, 1860 -
Seizure of Fort Moultrie, South Carolina
- December 30, 1860 -
Seizure of the United States Arsenal at Charleston, South Carolina
- December 20, 1860 -
- December 20, 1860 - April 14, 1861 -
Operations in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
- January 2, 1861 -
Seizure of Fort Johnson, South Carolina
- January 5-13, 1861 -
(I) Expedition for Relief of Fort Sumter, South Carolina
- January 9, 1861 -
Confederate Bombardment of the Steamer "Star of the West"
- January 11, 1861 -
(I) Surrender of Fort Sumter demanded of Major Anderson, and refused
- April 10-14, 1861 -
(II) Expedition for Relief of Fort Sumter, South Carolina
- April 11, 1861 -
(II) Surrender of Fort Sumter demanded of Major Anderson, and refused
- April 12-14, 1861 -
Confederate Bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina
- January 2, 1861 -
- November 7-November 8, 1861 -
Affair at Beaufort, South Carolina
- November 7, 1861 -
Engagement at Port Royal Harbor, South Carolina
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Units from South Carolina (Union)
- 1st South Carolina (Colored) Infantry (U)
- 2nd South Carolina (Colored) Infantry (U)
- 3rd South Carolina (Colored) Infantry (U)
- 4th South Carolina (Colored) Infantry (U)
- 5th South Carolina (Colored) Infantry (U)
Units from South Carolina (Confederate)
STATE UNITS
- 1st South Carolina Artillery
- 2nd South Carolina Artillery
- 15th South Carolina Heavy Artillery Battalion
- 18th South Carolina Heavy Artillery Battalion
- Battery C / Battery D (designation fulfilled by Bridges' (Louisiana) Artillery Battery)
- Beaufort's (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Brooks (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- (Charleston/German) (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Chesterfield (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Ferguson's (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- German (South Carolina) Artillery Battalion
- Gist Guard (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Johnson's (South Carolina) Horse Artillery Battery
- Lafayette (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Macbeth (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Marion (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Mathewes (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Palmetto (South Carolina) Light Artillery Battalion
- Palmetto (South Carolina) Light Artillery Battery
- Pee Dee (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Santee (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Waccamaw (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Washington (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- Winder's (South Carolina) Artillery Battery
- 1st South Carolina Cavalry
- 2nd South Carolina Cavalry
- 4th South Carolina Cavalry Battalion
- Hampton Legion (South Carolina) Cavalry Battalion
- 2 independent companies
- 3rd South Carolina Cavalry
- 3rd South Carolina Cavalry
- 4th South Carolina Cavalry
- 5th South Carolina Cavalry
- 6th South Carolina Cavalry
- 7th South Carolina Cavalry
- 15th South Carolina Cavalry Battalion
- 19th South Carolina Cavalry Battalion
- Rutledge (South Carolina) Mounted Riflemen Cavalry Battalion
REGIMENTS
- 1st South Carolina Infantry[1]
- 1st South Carolina Infantry (Rifles)
- 1st (Regular) South Carolina Infantry
- 2nd South Carolina Infantry
- 2nd South Carolina Infantry (Rifles)
- 3rd South Carolina Infantry
- 5th South Carolina Infantry
- 6th South Carolina Infantry
- 7th South Carolina Infantry
- 8th South Carolina Infantry
- 9th South Carolina Infantry
- 10th South Carolina Infantry
- 11th South Carolina Infantry
- 12th South Carolina Infantry
- 13th South Carolina Infantry
- 14th South Carolina Infantry
- 15th South Carolina Infantry
- 16th South Carolina Infantry
- 17th South Carolina Infantry
- 18th South Carolina Infantry
- 19th South Carolina Infantry
- 20th South Carolina Infantry
- 21st South Carolina Infantry
- 22nd South Carolina Infantry
- 23rd South Carolina Infantry
- 24th South Carolina Infantry
- 25th South Carolina Infantry
- 26th South Carolina Infantry
- 27th South Carolina Infantry
- Palmetto (South Carolina) Sharpshooters
BATTALIONS
- 2nd South Carolina Sharpshooters Battalion
- 3rd South Carolina Infantry Battalion
- 4th South Carolina Infantry Battalion
- 7th South Carolina Infantry Battalion
- Citadel Cadets (South Carolina) Infantry Battalion
- Hampton Legion (South Carolina) Infantry Battalion
- Holcombe Legion (South Carolina) Infantry Battalion
ARTILLERY
STATE TROOPS
- 1st South Carolina Infantry (State Troops)
- 2nd South Carolina Infantry (State Troops)
- 3rd South Carolina Infantry (State Troops)
- 4th South Carolina Infantry (State Troops)
- 5th South Carolina Infantry (State Troops)
PROVISIONAL ARMY UNITS
REGIMENTS
- 1st South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 2nd South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 3rd South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 4th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 5th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 6th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 7th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 8th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 9th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 10th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
- 11th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry
BATTALIONS
- 1st South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 2nd South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 3rd South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 4th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 5th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 6th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 7th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 8th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- Cunningham's (South Carolina) (Reserve) Infantry Battalion
- 2nd (Consolidated) South Carolina Infantry
- (2nd South Carolina Infantry)
- (20th South Carolina Infantry)
- (1st South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (2nd South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (6th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (7th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- 3rd (Consolidated) South Carolina Infantry
- (3rd South Carolina Infantry)
- (8th South Carolina Infantry)
- (3rd South Carolina Infantry Battalion)
- (1st South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (2nd South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (6th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (7th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- 7th (Consolidated) South Carolina Infantry
- (7th South Carolina Infantry)
- (15th South Carolina Infantry)
- (1st South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (2nd South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (6th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- (7th South Carolina (Reserve) Infantry Battalion) [partial]
- 19th (Consolidated) South Carolina Infantry
Casualties from South Carolina
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Notes
- ↑ See also 3rd SC Artillery p9
Sources
- Amman, William. Personnel of the Civil War. 2 volumes. New York, Thomas Yoseloff, 1961.
- Boatner, Mark Mayo III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: David McKay Company, 1959.
- Bowman, John S. The Civil War Almanac. New York: Facts on File, 1982.
- Daniel, Larry J. Cannoneers in Gray: The Field Artillery of the Army of Tennessee, 1861-1865. University, Ala: University of Alabama Press, 1984.
- Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. The Dyer Publishing Company (Des Moine, 1908). (Page 1636)
- Evans, Clement A., ed. Confederate Military History. 12 Volumes. Atlanta:Confederate Publishing Company, 1899.
- Freeman, Douglas Southall. Lee's Lieutenant: A Study in Command.. 3 Volumes. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1941-1946.
- Johnson, Robert Underwood and Buel, Clarence Cough, eds. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. 4 Volumes. New York: The Century Company, 1887.
- Krick, Robert K. Lee's Colonels: A Biographical Register of the Field Officers of the Army of Northern Virginia (2nd Edition). Dayton, Ohio: Press of Morningside Bookstore, 1984.
- Long, E.B, and Barbara. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac 1861-1865. Garden City, Ny: Doubleday, 1971.
- Lonn, Ella. Foreigners in the Confederacy. Chapell Hill: University of North Carolina, 1940.
- National Archives, Record Group 109
- Scharf, J. Thomas. History of the Confederate States Navy: From Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessels. Albany: Joseph McDonough, 1887.
- Sifakis, Stewart. Compendium of the Confederate Armies. South Carolina and Georgia. New York: Facts on File, 1992. Print.
- Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts on File, 1989.
- Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Confederacy. New York: Facts on File, 1989.
- United States War Department. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. 31 Volumes. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1894-1927.
- United States War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 70 Volumes in 128 Books divided into 4 Series, plus Atlas. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1881-1901.
- Wakelyn, Jon L. Biographical Dictionary of the Confederacy. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1977.
- Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
- Wise, Jennings Cropper. The Long Arm of Lee: The History of the Artillery of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lynchburg, Virginia: J.P. Bell Co., 1915.
- Wright, Marcus J. General Officers of the Confederate Army. New York: Neale Publishing Co., 1911.
- https://www.sciway3.net/sc-reserves/index.html