Battles of Cold Harbor, Virginia

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Battles of Cold Harbor, Virginia - Multiple units engage at Cold Harbor near Mechanicsville in Hanover County, Virginia from May 31-June 12, 1864.

  • NOTE: According to the battle returns, this operation was "divided" into:
    • Forces operating against Richmond from May 31-June 5, 1864
    • Forces operating against Richmond from June 6-12, 1864
    • Notes have been made when units change - likely many units' military terms expiring around this time/some units break off to participate in smaller actions/operations
  • This engagement may also contain smaller skirmishes
  • Also referred to as the
    • Engagement at Cold Harbor, Virginia
    • Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia

Sub-Operations

Union Troops

Overall Command

NOTE: Primarily Army of the Potomac, as the Army of the James was one 1 Corps

Army of the Potomac

General Staff

General Headquarters

Engineer Troops

Guards and Orderlies

Unattached

(AoP) 2nd Corps

Escort:

Division Brigade Regiments and
Smaller Units
1st Division


Francis C. Barlow, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


Nelson A. Miles, Colonel

2nd Brigade
The ("Irish Brigade")


Richard Byrnes, Colonel
Patrick Kelly, Colonel

3rd Brigade


Clinton D. MacDougall, Colonel

4th Brigade


John R. Brooke, Colonel
Orlando H. Morris, Colonel
Lewis O. Morris, Colonel
James A. Beaver, Colonel

2nd Division

John Gibbon, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


H. Boyd McKeen, Colonel
Frank A. Haskell, Colonel
Byron R. Pierce, Brigadier General[5]

2nd Brigade
(The "Philadelphia Brigade")


Joshua T. Owen, Brigadier General

3rd Brigade


Thomas A. Smyth, Colonel

4th Brigade


Robert O. Tyler, Brigadier General
James P. McIvor, Colonel

Provost Guard

3rd Division

David B. Birney, Major General

1st Brigade


Thomas W. Egan, Colonel

2nd Brigade


Thomas R. Tannatt, Colonel

3rd Brigade


Gershom Mott, Brigadier General

4th Brigade


William R. Brewster, Colonel

Artillery Brigade


John C. Tidball, Colonel

(AoP) 5th Corps
  • Re-organized on June 5, 1864
Division Brigade Regiments and
Smaller Units
1st Division

Charles Griffin, Brigadier General
1st Brigade[13]

Romeyn B. Ayres, Brigadier General
Edward S. Bragg, Colonel
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Colonel
2nd Brigade

Jacob B. Sweitzer, Colonel
3rd Brigade

Joseph J. Bartlett, Brigadier General
2nd Division[18]

Henry Hayes Lockwood, Brigadier General[19]
Samuel Wylie Crawford, Brigadier General
Romeyn B. Ayres, Brigadier General
1st Brigade[20]

Edgar M. Gregory, Colonel
2nd Brigade[22]

James L. Bates, Colonel

Nathan D. Dushane, Colonel
3rd Brigade

Nathan D. Dushane, Colonel
J. Howard Kitching, Colonel
3rd Division

Samuel M. Jackson, Colonel
Samuel Wylie Crawford, Colonel
1st Brigade[23]

Martin D. Hardin, Colonel
2nd Brigade[30]

James L. Bates, Colonel
3rd Brigade

Joseph W. Fisher, Colonel
William R. Hartshorne, Major
James Carle, Colonel
Heavy Artillery Brigade

J. Howard Kitching, Colonel
4th Division

Lysander Cutler, Brigadier General
1st Brigade

William W. Robinson, Colonel
Edward S. Bragg, Colonel
2nd Brigade

J. William Hofmann, Colonel
3rd Brigade

Edward S. Bragg, Colonel
Provost Guard
Artillery Brigade

Charles S. Wainwright, Colonel
(AoP) 6th Corps

Escort:

Division Brigade Regiments and
Smaller Units

1st Division

David Allen Russell, Brigadier General

1st Brigade
(The "1st New Jersey Brigade")


William H. Penrose, Colonel

2nd Brigade


Emory Upton, Brigadier General

3rd Brigade


Henry L. Eustis, Brigadier General[40]
Gideon Clark, Lieutenant Colonel

4th Brigade


Nelson Cross, Colonel

2nd Division

Thomas H. Neill, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


Frank Wheaton, Brigadier General

2nd Brigade
(The "1st Vermont Brigade")


Lewis A. Grant, Brigadier General

3rd Brigade


Daniel D. Bidwell, Colonel

4th Brigade


Oliver Edwards, Colonel

3rd Division

James B. Ricketts, Brigadier General

1st Brigade

William S. Truex, Colonel
Caldwell K. Hall, Lieutenant Colonel
John W. Schall, Colonel[41]
Caldwell K. Hall, Lieutenant Colonel
2nd Brigade


Benjamin F. Smith, Colonel

Artillery Brigade


Charles H. Tompkins, Colonel

(AoP) 9th Corps

General Staff:

Provost Guard:

  • NOTE: 4th Division listed in Wikipedia Order of Battle, but according to unit profiles this division was guarding the army trains and did not participate in the battle itself
Division Brigade Regiments and
Smaller Units

1st Division

Thomas Leonidas Crittenden, Major General
James H. Ledlie, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


James H. Ledlie, Brigadier General
Jacob P. Gould, Colonel

2nd Brigade


Gilbert P. Robinson, Lieutenant Colonel
Joseph M. Sudsburg, Colonel[42]
Ebenezer W. Peirce, Colonel[43]

Provisional Brigade


Elisha G. Marshall, Colonel

Acting Engineers
Artillery

2nd Division

Robert B. Potter, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


John I. Curtin, Colonel

2nd Brigade


Simon Goodell Griffin, Colonel

Acting Engineers
Artillery

3rd Division

Orlando B. Willcox, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


John F. Hartranft, Colonel

2nd Brigade


Benjamin C. Christ, Colonel

Acting Engineers
Artillery

4th Division
(United States Colored Troops)

Edward Ferrero, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


Joshua K. Sigfried, Colonel

2nd Brigade


Henry G. Thomas, Colonel

Artillery
(AoP) Cavalry Corps

Escort:

Division Brigade Regiments and
Smaller Units
1st Division

Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert, Brigadier General
1st Brigade
(The "Michigan Brigade")

George Armstrong Custer, Brigadier General
2nd Brigade

Thomas C. Devin, Colonel
Reserve Brigade

Wesley Merritt, Brigadier General
2nd Division

David McMurtrie Gregg, Brigadier General
1st Brigade

Henry E. Davies (Jr.), Brigadier General
2nd Brigade

John Irvin Gregg, Colonel
3rd Division

James H. Wilson, Brigadier General
1st Brigade
John Baillie McIntosh, Colonel
2nd Brigade

George H. Chapman, Colonel
Escort
1st Brigade Horse Artillery
(United States Horse Artillery)[52]

James M. Robertson, Captain
(AoP) Artillery
Division Brigade Regiments and
Smaller Units

Artillery

Henry Jackson Hunt, Brigadier General[55]

2nd Brigade Horse Artillery[53]


Dunbar R. Ransom, Captain

Artillery Park


Freeman McGilvery, Lieutenant Colonel

(AoJ) 18th Corps
Division Brigade Regiments and
Smaller Units

1st Division

William T.H. Brooks, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


Gilman Marston, Brigadier General

2nd Brigade


Hiram Burnham, Brigadier General

3rd Brigade


Guy V. Henry, Colonel

2nd Division

John H. Martindale, Brigadier General

1st Brigade


George J. Stannard, Brigadier General

2nd Brigade


Griffin A. Stedman (Jr.), Colonel

3rd Division[59]

Charles Devens (Jr.), Brigadier General
Adelbert Ames, Brigadier General[60]

1st Brigade


William B. Barton, Colonel

2nd Brigade


Jeremiah C. Drake, Colonel
Zina H. Robinson, Lieutenant Colonel
Alexander Piper, Colonel[61]
N. Martin Curtis, Colonel

3rd Brigade


Adelbert Ames, Brigadier General
Henry R. Guss, Colonel
Louis Bell, Colonel

Artillery Brigade


Samuel S. Elder, Captain

Confederate Troops

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Casualties

  • Union loss: 1,905 killed, 10,570 wounded, 2,466 captured and missing = Total 14,931

Notes

  1. At Fort Monroe, Virginia; Brigadier General Henry W. Benham was not present (see: Benham's report)
  2. At Port Royal, Virginia; joined Second Brigade, Third Division, Cavalry Corps on June 5, 1864 (see: Chapman's report)
  3. Arrived June 1, 1864
  4. Detached at Port Royal, Virginia; rejoined brigade June 5, 1864 (see: Wilder's report)
  5. Assigned June 4, 1864
  6. Until June 6
  7. Until June 5
  8. Transferred from 2nd Brigade June 5
  9. Transferred to 1st Brigade June 5
  10. Until June 9
  11. Attached to the 120th New York Infantry
  12. The First Battalion joined from the VI Corps May 31, 1864, and the Second Battalion from the V Corps May 29, 1864, thus uniting the three battalions
  13. From former 4th Division / 3rd Brigade
  14. Joined June 6, 1864
  15. Ordered home for muster out June 9, 1864
  16. Arrived June 1, 1864
  17. Gordon C. Rhea in Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee May 26-June 3, 1864, The Order of Battle lists the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry in the 1st Brigade (see also: Pennsylvania in the Civil War - 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry)
  18. Assigned June 6, 1864
  19. Assigned June 2, 1864 (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, page 495)
  20. Was 1st Division / 1st Brigade until June 6, 1864
  21. Arrived June 1, 1864
  22. Was 2nd Division / 3rd Brigade until June 6, 1864
  23. Was 2nd Division / 1st Brigade up to June 6, 1864
  24. Left front June 1, 1864
  25. Left front June 1, 1864
  26. Left front June 1, 1864
  27. Left front May 31, 1864
  28. Left front June 1, 1864
  29. Transferred to 2nd Brigade on June 11, 1864
  30. Was 2nd Division / 2nd Brigade up to June 6, 1864
  31. Left front May 31, 1864
  32. Left front May 31, 1864
  33. Left front May 31, 1864
  34. Arrived June 1, 1864
  35. Transferred to IX Corps on June 4, 1864 (see: Cutcheon's and Serviere's report)
  36. Arrived June 1, 1864
  37. Ordered home for muster-out June 4, 1864
  38. Ordered home for muster-out June 4, 1864
  39. Assigned June 5
  40. Relieved June 12, 1864
  41. Assumed command June 2, 1864 and wounded June 3, 1864
  42. Assumed command May 31, 1864
  43. Assigned June 4, 1864
  44. Assigned June 11
  45. Joined June 6, 1864 (see: Itinerary First Division, Ninth Army Corps)
  46. Wikipedia - no reference to this in Dyer or other Michigan Sharpshooter company pages
  47. Wikipedia - no reference to this in Dyer or other Michigan Sharpshooter company pages
  48. Assigned June 10
  49. Transferred from 5th Corps / 3rd Division / 1st Brigade on June 4, 1864 (see: Cutcheon's and Serviere's report)
  50. Joined June 9, 1864 (see: Chapman's report) - unit homepage says only part of the regiment
  51. At Port Royal, Virginia; joined June 5, 1864 (see: Chapman's report)
  52. The two Horse Artillery brigades were consolidated under Captain Robertson on May 31, 1864 (see: Hunt's report; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, page 377)
  53. 53.0 53.1 53.2 Sent to the Department of Washington on May 31, 1864 (see: Hunt's report)
  54. Transferred from Artillery on May 31, 1864
  55. Chief of Artillery to the whole Army
  56. 56.0 56.1 Sent to the Department of Washington on May 31, 1864 (see: Hunt's report)
  57. On June 1, 1864 the XVIII Corps was placed under Meade's command (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, page 466)
  58. 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 Temporarily attached from 10th Corps
  59. Organized temporarily May 30, 1864, and consisted of troops previously known as the Second and Third Divisions of the Tenth Corps
  60. Assigned June 4, 1864, Brigadier General Devens being relieved on account of ill-health
  61. Assigned June 5, 1864
  62. Joined June 5, 1864 (see: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center - 10th Artillery Regiment)
  63. Not originally listed on Dyer summary

Sources